冠脉狭窄度与高密度脂蛋白亚类关系分析

目的探讨冠脉造影患者冠状动脉狭窄程度和高密度脂蛋白(High-density lipoprotein,HDL)亚类的关系。方法 1抽取2013年至2015年因疑诊冠心病(Coronary Heart Disease,CHD)入住我院老年医学科、心内科行冠状动脉造影(Coronary arteriography,CAG)的患者361例,通过CAG确诊为CHD患者(至少有一支冠状动脉或分支狭窄50%)237例,其中男138例,女99例,平均年龄(60.31±8.59),未诊断CHD患者124例,男50例,女74例,平均年龄(59.22±13.23);2抽取患者空腹12 h静脉血,选择双向电泳加免疫印迹检测法24h内测定HDL亚类,对患者冠脉造影结果(采用Gensini评分)评价冠状动脉狭窄程度;3计量资料用χ軘±s表示,定性资料用χ2检验,两组比较采用独立样本的t检验,logisitic回归分析与冠心病相关因素,有序Ordinal回归分析与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系。结果 1 CHD组中中、重度患者组Preβ1-HDL、HDL3b较非CHD组明显增高(p0.05),CHD组中轻、中、重度患者组HDL3c较非CHD组明显增高(p0.05),而HDL2b较非CHD组显著减少(p0.05),随着冠状动脉狭窄程度的增加,Preβ1-HDL、HDL3b、HDL3c出现增高趋势,而HDL2b则降低;2二元Logistic回归分析,HDL亚类中Preβ1-HDL,HDL3b,HDL3c与CHD呈正相关(p0.05),HDL2b与CHD呈负相关;有序Ordinal回归,Preβ1-HDL与冠状动脉狭窄程度呈正相关,HDL2b与冠状动脉狭窄程度呈负相关。结论 Preβ1-HDL、HDL3b高对冠心病有风险,HDL2b是冠心病保护因素,在临床诊断治疗中,HDL2b值有可能做为冠心病预测因素,Preβ1-HDL、HDL2b可为预测和诊断CHD提供重要参考依据,冠心病的防治不仅要改善和促进胆固醇逆转运还要调节血脂及调整HDL亚类的构成比。     

Systematic reviews and meta-analysis demystified

Systematic reviews and meta-analysis both form essential research in today's scientific world with plethora of primary research in every filed. A systematic review is an overview of primary studies which contains an explicit statement of objectives, materials, and methods and is conducted according to the explicit and reproducible methodology. When systematic reviews provide a quantitative (statistical) estimate of net benefit aggregated over all the included studies, it is termed meta-analysis. In this review important individual components of systematic review and meta-analysis have been discussed for the benefit of our readers.     

Evaluation of prognostic score based on the Japanese criteria for the severity of acute pancreatitis. Part I. Retrospective study

We used the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare criteria for acute pancreatitis to obtain a “prognosis score” for disease severity in 63 individuals with severe pancreatitis and we assessed the usefulness of these scores. To convert the Japanese criteria into a score, we excluded the CT grade classification, assigned a value of 1 point to the prognostic factors designated , and a value of 0.5 points to the prognostic factors designated , and added the number of points to obtain the “prognosis score”. The results showed a clear difference in prognosis between patients who had scores of 1.5 or less and those whose scores were 2.0 or more. These prognosis scores were useful both in rating the efficacy of treatment and in selecting the method of treatment in the early stage. To confirm the value of these scores, it will be necessary to accumulate more cases prospectively and to conduct additional assessments.     

Predictive Value of the Residual SYNTAX Score in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock

BackgroundIn hemodynamically stable patients, complete revascularization (CR) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with a better prognosis in chronic and acute coronary syndromes.ObjectivesThis study sought to assess the extent, severity, and prognostic value of remaining coronary stenoses following PCI, by using the residual SYNTAX score (rSS), in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) related to myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsThe CULPRIT-SHOCK (Culprit Lesion Only Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [PCI] Versus Multivessel PCI in Cardiogenic Shock) trial compared a multivessel PCI (MV-PCI) strategy with a culprit lesion–only PCI (CLO-PCI) strategy in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease who presented with MI-related CS. The rSS was assessed by a central core laboratory. The study group was divided in 4 subgroups according to tertiles of rSS of the participants, thereby isolating patients with an rSS of 0 (CR). The predictive value of rSS for the 30-day primary endpoint (mortality or severe renal failure) and for 30-day and 1-year mortality was assessed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 587 patients with an rSS available, the median rSS was 9.0 (interquartile range: 3.0 to 17.0); 102 (17.4%), 100 (17.0%), 196 (33.4%), and 189 (32.2%) patients had rSS = 0, 0 < rSS ≤5, 5 < rSS ≤14, and rSS >14, respectively. CR was achieved in 75 (25.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.3% to 30.5%) and 27 (9.3%; 95% CI: 6.2% to 13.3%) of patients treated using the MV-PCI and CLO-PCI strategies, respectively. After multiple adjustments, rSS was independently associated with 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio per 10 units: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.01) and 1-year mortality (adjusted odds ratio per 10 units: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.07).ConclusionsAmong patients with multivessel disease and MI-related CS, CR is achieved only in one-fourth of the patients treated using an MV-PCI strategy. and the residual SYNTAX score is independently associated with early and late mortality.     

Prophylactic treatment for severe haemophilia: comparison of an intermediate-dose to a high-dose regimen

A multicentre study was performed in Sweden and the Netherlands, comparing effects of two prophylactic regimens in 128 patients with severe haemophilia, born 1970-90. 42 Swedish patients (high-dose prophylaxis), were compared with 86 Dutch patients (intermediate-dose prophylaxis). Patients were evaluated at the date of their last radiological score according to Pettersson. Annual clotting factor consumption and bleeding frequency were registered for a period of three years before evaluation. Patients in the high-dose group were younger at evaluation (median 15.2 vs. 17.9 years), started prophylaxis earlier (median 2 vs. 5 years), and used 2.19 times more clotting factor kg-1 year-1. Patients treated with high-dose prophylaxis had fewer joint bleeds (median 0.3 year-1 vs. 3.3 year-1) and the proportion of patients without arthropathy as measured by the Pettersson score was higher (69% vs. 32%), however, the age-adjusted difference in scores (median 0 points vs. 4 points) was small and at present not statistically significant. Clinical scores and quality of life were similar. These findings suggest that, compared with intermediate-dose prophylaxis, high-dose prophylaxis significantly increases treatment costs and reduces joint bleeds over a period of 3 years, but only slightly reduces arthropathy after 17 years of follow-up.     

Simple risk score to detect rural Asian Indian (Bangladeshi) adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes

Aims/Introduction

To develop and evaluate a simple, non-invasive, diabetes risk score for detecting individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes in rural Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods

Data from 2,293 randomly selected individuals aged ≥20 years from a cross-sectional study in a rural community of Bangladesh (2009 Chandra Rural Study) was used for model development. The validity of the model was assessed in another rural cross-sectional study (2009 Thakurgaon Rural Study). The logistic regression model used included age, sex, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and hypertension status to predict individuals who were at high risk for type 2 diabetes.

Results

On applying the developed model to both cohorts, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.72) for the Chandra cohort and 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.74) for the Thakurgaon cohort. The risk score of >9 was shown to have the optimal cut-point to detect diabetes. This score had a sensitivity of 62.4 and 75.7%, and specificity of 67.4 and 61.6% in the two cohorts, respectively. This risk score was shown to have improved sensitivity and specificity to detect type 2 diabetes cases compared with the Thai, Indian, Omani, UK, Dutch, Portuguese and Pakistani diabetes risk scores.

Conclusions

This simple, non-invasive risk score can be used to detect individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes in rural Bangladesh. Subjects with a score of 9 or above (out of 15) should undergo an oral glucose tolerance test for definitive diagnosis of diabetes.     

Coronary Atherosclerosis,Cardiac Troponin,and Interleukin-6 in Patients With Chest Pain: The PROMISE Trial Results

BackgroundIncreased inflammation and myocardial injury can be observed in the absence of myocardial infarction or obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).ObjectivesThe authors determined whether biomarkers of inflammation and myocardial injury—interleukin (IL)-6 and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn)—were associated with the presence and extent of CAD and were independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in stable chest pain.MethodsUsing participants from the PROMISE trial, the authors measured hs-cTn I and IL-6 concentrations and analyzed computed tomography angiography (CTA) images in the core laboratory for CAD characteristics: significant stenosis (≥70%), high-risk plaque (HRP), Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) categories, segment involvement score (SIS), and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. The primary endpoint was a composite MACE (death, myocardial infarction, or unstable angina).ResultsThe authors included 1,796 participants (age 60.2 ± 8.0 years; 47.5% men, median follow-up 25 months). In multivariable linear regression adjusted for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, hs-cTn was associated with HRP, stenosis, CAD-RADS, and SIS. IL-6 was only associated with stenosis and CAD-RADS. hs-cTn above median (1.5 ng/L) was associated with MACEs in univariable analysis (HR: 2.1 [95% CI: 1.3-3.6]; P = 0.006), but not in multivariable analysis adjusted for ASCVD and CAD. IL-6 above median (1.8 ng/L) was associated with MACEs in multivariable analysis adjusted for ASCVD and HRP (HR: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.1-3.3]; P = 0.03), CAC (HR: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.0-3.4]; P = 0.04), and SIS (HR: 1.8 [95% CI: 1.0-3.2]; P = 0.04), but not for stenosis or CAD-RADS. In participants with nonobstructive CAD (stenosis 1%-69%), the presence of both hs-cTn and IL-6 above median was strongly associated with MACEs (HR: 2.5-2.7 after adjustment for CAD characteristics).ConclusionsConcentrations of hs-cTn and IL-6 were associated with CAD characteristics and MACEs, indicating that myocardial injury and inflammation may each contribute to pathways in CAD pathophysiology. This association was most pronounced among participants with nonobstructive CAD representing an opportunity to tailor treatment in this at-risk group. (PROspective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain [PROMISE]; NCT01174550)     

普贝生用于足月引产的临床观察（附120例分析）

目的探讨普贝生（缓释性前列腺素E栓）用于足月引产的有效性及安全性。方法采用对照观察研究,取120例足月单胎的初产妇阴道内使用普贝生栓剂为观察组,同样条件120例静脉点滴催产缩宫素为对照组。比较两组孕妇的宫颈Bishop评分、产程情况以及对新生儿的影响。结果观察组给药后Bishop评分100％提高≥2分,95％提高≥3分。新生儿Apgar评分全部10分,观察组24h临产率（79％）明显高于对照组（21．66％）,P〈0．01;阴道分娩率（70．8％）高于对照组（59．2％）,P〈0．05;两组新生儿结局差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论普贝生经证实为安全、有效的引产药物,使用普贝生可以有效促进宫颈成熟,降低剖宫产率。